Lab Report on milk co-motion. Sample

Lab Report on milk co-motion. Paper When detergent is added to milk and the food color, the non-polar ends of the soap molecules attracts towards the non-polar fat of milk, and the interaction of the detergent with the fat in milk exults the food color to swirl around. Whenever the detergent touches the milk, it breaks up the drops of fat, which spread out, allowing the food coloring and milk to mix. The food coloring swirls into the places where the fat was. Detergent molecules dissolve fat of milk by having one hydrophobic end (which interacts well with the fat) and one hydrophilic end (which interacts well aqueous part of the milk). 2. How would the results of this experiment differ if: a)Skim milk was used? (Milk from which the cream (fat) has been taken is called skimmed milk. ) If skim milk was used, the drops of food color would dispersed in milk without the need of detergent because all the fats has been taken out of milk and it allows the food color to dissolve in it. )Homogenates milk was used? (Homogenates milk is the milk in which all the fat are mixed so that it does not rise on the top) Fat is insoluble in water. Water-soluble food colors will spread and dissolve in water, but their motion would be slow if homogenates milk was used, because milk contains globules of fat, the fat that is mixed in. The swirling and churning motion would be partly due to the attraction between soap and the milks fat articles. 3. Research emulsi fying agents and how they are used in the food in the food industry? We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report on milk co-motion. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report on milk co-motion. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report on milk co-motion. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer EMULSIFIER An ingredient used to bind oil soluble and water soluble ingredients. Substances that are soluble in both fat and water and enable fat to be uniformly dispersed in water are emulsifiers. Emulsifying agents used in foods include agar, albumin, alginates, casein, egg yolk, glycerol monasteries, gums, Irish moss, lecithin, soaps. Emulsifying agents work by reducing surface tension, forming complex films on the surface of emulsified droplets and creating repulsive barrier on emulsified droplets to prevent their coalescence. . What is an emulsifying agent in the body? Explain how it works? Emulsifying agent in the body: The emulsifying agent in the human body is bile. It is a bitter, alkaline, brownish- yellow or greenish-yellow fluid that is secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and discharged into the duodenum. Bile contains bile acids, which are critical for digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine. Many waste products are eliminated from the body by secretion into bile and elimination in feces.

Free Essays on Slate

On the evening of June 30, 1985, Virdeen Willis Jr., an off-duty official at a state prison, was drinking with two women in a bar on Chicago's South Side. As he and his companions left, someone approached and shot him fatally in the neck. Four days later, police arrested Steven Smith, a convicted killer who had served time in the facility where Willis worked. Smith denied any involvement, the police couldn't produce the murder weapon, and no physical evidence tied him to the crime. About all the prosecution had to offer was a witness, Debrah Caraway, who said she saw Smith shoot Willis. The prosecution's case was far from ideal, and Caraway was one of its big liabilities. The day of the murder, she had been smoking crack. She was across the street when Willis was shot. Her boyfriend had been considered as a suspect before Smith was arrested. The evidence suggesting Smith wasn't the culprit was also strong. The two women who were standing next to Willis when he was shot couldn't identify Smith as the gunman. Several witnesses said Smith had left the bar with two friends before Willis walked out- not alone and afterward, as Caraway claimed. But its one witness apparently was all the state needed. Two different juries found Smith guilty, and both times he was sentenced to death. Today, however, Smith is not only alive but free: In 1999, the Illinois Supreme Court vacated his conviction for lack of evidence, barred a retrial, and ordered him released. Since restoring capital punishment in 1977, Illinois has executed 12 inmates. During that period, 13 other death-row inmates have been exonerated. This amazing record of fallibility was what prompted Republican Gov. George Ryan to impose a moratorium on executions two years ago. He also appointed a commission to examine the Illinois system of capital punishment and to offer proposals for its reform. Among the recommendations made by the commission in a report released last month we... Free Essays on Slate Free Essays on Slate On the evening of June 30, 1985, Virdeen Willis Jr., an off-duty official at a state prison, was drinking with two women in a bar on Chicago's South Side. As he and his companions left, someone approached and shot him fatally in the neck. Four days later, police arrested Steven Smith, a convicted killer who had served time in the facility where Willis worked. Smith denied any involvement, the police couldn't produce the murder weapon, and no physical evidence tied him to the crime. About all the prosecution had to offer was a witness, Debrah Caraway, who said she saw Smith shoot Willis. The prosecution's case was far from ideal, and Caraway was one of its big liabilities. The day of the murder, she had been smoking crack. She was across the street when Willis was shot. Her boyfriend had been considered as a suspect before Smith was arrested. The evidence suggesting Smith wasn't the culprit was also strong. The two women who were standing next to Willis when he was shot couldn't identify Smith as the gunman. Several witnesses said Smith had left the bar with two friends before Willis walked out- not alone and afterward, as Caraway claimed. But its one witness apparently was all the state needed. Two different juries found Smith guilty, and both times he was sentenced to death. Today, however, Smith is not only alive but free: In 1999, the Illinois Supreme Court vacated his conviction for lack of evidence, barred a retrial, and ordered him released. Since restoring capital punishment in 1977, Illinois has executed 12 inmates. During that period, 13 other death-row inmates have been exonerated. This amazing record of fallibility was what prompted Republican Gov. George Ryan to impose a moratorium on executions two years ago. He also appointed a commission to examine the Illinois system of capital punishment and to offer proposals for its reform. Among the recommendations made by the commission in a report released last month we...

Introduction to Social Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Introduction to Social Anthropology - Essay Example Anthropology investigates humankind as it arises in all recognised corners of the world (Llobera 2003). Its task is basically to explain or portray. However, without surpassing boundaries of its range, it can and should shift from the specific to the general. Why is Anthropology Important? Anthropology has a number of branches and each branch presents a particular component of the study of our roots and evolution as a life form (Wallman 1992). For example, linguistic anthropology studies language. It is a widely known fact that there are many languages all over the world. To understand further the connections between these various languages and the variations that exist in terminology and word use is one of the tasks that anthropologists perform (Moore & Sanders 2006). Anthropology is also vital from the perspective of inquiry into traditions and rituals and the human nature within various tribal groups and groups of people. Several traditions that are prohibited in some societies mi ght be viewed as acceptable in others (Moore & Sanders 2006). It is this reconciliation of the disparity between people’s inherent perspective of their own culture and the cultures of others is the basis for the relevance of anthropology. ... Despite of the unclear nature of the importance of anthropology to development, arguments were presented all over the 1990s speaking up for the moral relevance of anthropology (Moran 1996, 328): [I]t is morally necessary for anthropology to become centrally engaged in today’s critical issues- poverty, powerlessness, environmental degradation, and national, class, caste, gender, ethnic, religious, and racial oppressions—and that anthropology has important contributions yet to make about the kinds of formations that will characterise human social life in the twenty-first century. As stated by Bennett (1996), in his discussion of the emergence of applied anthropology, â€Å"anything that deprives people of their needs or desires should be changed or reformed† (as cited in Gow 2002, 299). He further explains his argument by mentioning the work of the ‘great articulator of applied ideology in the 1950-60s’, Laura Thompson (Gow 2002, 299): In essence it [a pplied anthropology] symbolises both the desire and desirability of human beings to fulfil themselves individually and collectively to the maximum of their physical-emotional-intellectual powers, and to do both as single personalities and in relation to other personalities. It is exactly this focus on the political and moral that has kept on troubling anthropologists in the mid-1990s. D’Andrade (1995) worried that anthropology is shifting from a field rooted in an objective perspective of the world to one founded on a moral perspective of the world, the main objective of such is â€Å"to identify what is good and what is bad and to allocate reward and punishment† (as cited in Moore & Sanders 2006, 513). Scheper-Hughes, reacting to

Demeaning Images of Women in Advertising and Other Media Essay

Demeaning Images of Women in Advertising and Other Media - Essay Example This issue is one that, if not the worst, is a detrimental concern that gradually inculcates public demeanor into the majority of women. They may be some issues that also affect the whole being of human, but the general public generalizes everything that they perceived resulting to more altering images of feminine. For instance, numerous issues nowadays are not just associated to state regulations or open differentials, but also to some constituents of the community, biology, altruism of anticipations, and the media. To converse them, feminist must go beyond the regulatory policies or the spreading idea of patriarchy--integrating connections with those in the environment and commence to dismount the degrading effigy of women (Spare). This paper seeks to deliver the rationale of choice of the issue, delineate the paradigms that degrade the effigy of women by providing some exemplars, depict the implications regarding appropriate protest to acknowledge the alterations in the issue of women, and finally, a concluding statement about the overall scope of the paper. 2.0 Rationale of Choice Amid all of the feminine issues that may include gender inequalities, sexual harassment and assault, and reproductive liberation rights, only one thing that has gotten to be the most talked-about issue. One issue that describes a detrimental and generic impact to the majority of women is the demeaning images of women in advertising and other media. In particular, the issue before was not about the concerns regarding depicting the differences between men and women, but about depicting women differences among other women (Lorde, qtd. in Stern 4). However, the issue of restricted images of women in advertising commenced through Goffman’s 1976 book entitled Gender Advertisements (Baym, Fetterley, Millet, Russ, qtd. in Stern 2). The production of such effigies emerged in themes generated by men. Women images are fitted to the generic cluster of women, and images were manifested similarly by all the viewers. This leads to the notion that universal images of Western women are capture d through the perspectives of men (Firestone, Lakoff, Russ, qtd. in Stern 2). This has opened to the idea of analyzing the gender role representations (Courtney and Whipple, Gilly, qtd. in Stern 2) in advertising. The main problem that arises is the dominance of men themes for the representation of women across the media (Bakan, qtd. in Stern 2). In the 1960s, Kassarjian commenced to study the blacks in the American advertisements (1964-1965) (qtd. in Stern 3). By the 1970s, the development of the study rose as minorities began to depict the differences between white and black customers (Sturdivant, qtd. in Stern 3), specifically in the issue of inequality. Blacks were associated significantly to menial employees, indigent, and community problems. Some pundits acclaimed that the â€Å"exclusion of racial minorities† in the favorable representations had a leveraging impact on minority youths, leading them to feel disjointed to the community (Kern-Foxworth, qtd. in Stern 3). 3. 0 The Paradigms and Exemplars Some paradigms of old and recent demeaning representations of women in all forms of media are presented in this section. However, it must be noted that even if women are the subject of this matter, there can still be misrepresentations that involve the opposite sex in portraying these degrading images of feminine. One of the oldest degrading women advertisements was done by a cigarette company that utilized slogans such as â€Å"blow in her face and she will follow you anywhere† (Matt). A cigarette brand, Tipalet was advertised having an image of woman with

Marijuana and students Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marijuana and students - Research Paper Example My comments are on the use of punctuation and absence of thesis of the paper. A thesis will provide the supporting claims for the paper. I also suggest creating better transition sentences, where it is clear what the claims are. Marijuana is the top illegal drug of choice for students in the United States and other nations, such as Ireland, Belgium, Czech Republic, and the United Kingdom (Duarte, Escario, and Molina 90). Johnston et al. (2005) discover in their 2005 survey that the average incidences of cannabis use in the U.S. â€Å"for eighth, tenth and twelfth graders [were] 16.4%, 34.1% and 44.8%, respectively† (qtd. in Duarte, Escario, and Molina 90). At present, some people are lobbying to legalize marijuana beyond its medicinal uses. This paper believes that marijuana should not be legalized for all purposes, because of its diverse negative effects on students, especially on their health and academic success. Adolescents are particularly at risk, because cannabis use has been connected to the development of psychotic symptoms (Skinner, Conlon, Gibbons, and McDonald 1). Legalizing marijuana can encourage increased recreational use of marijuana among students, which can have negative effects on their health and academic status. One of the effects of legalizing marijuana is that it can lead to its widespread recreational use, which can result to a greater prevalence of risky behaviors among students. In â€Å"Sending the Wrong Message: Did Medical Marijuana Legalization in California Change Attitudes about and Use of Marijuana?† Khatapoush and Hallfors studied the impact of the legalization of medical marijuana on drug-related attitudes and use among youth in several communities in California and other ten states. They used telephone survey data that included beliefs and experiences related to marijuana use. Findings showed that legalizing marijuana did not encourage more drug use among

Materials For Cladding System

Materials For Cladding System The materials for cladding are often chosen for their manufacturing parameters, cost, durability as well as appearance. Examples of the materials are metal cladding and precast concrete cladding. Both of these differ in terms of strength, durability and cost of each material. Metal Cladding The durability of a metal cladding is affected by type of material, exposure of the panel, local environment factors, corrosion protection as well as the details of the cladding itself. When using metal cladding, the lifespan of this system is generally defined in terms of its period from the first use to the first maintenance which is the period for when then material may need to be repainted to maintain its original appearance or the original coating system can no longer protects the metal underneath. Usually, metal cladding suppliers will provide detailed information regarding their product including the durability of the metal cladding itself. The coatings of cladding are also affected by the intensity of the exposure to ultraviolet radiation which means less longevity but for organic coated steels, the period to the first maintenance can be as long as 30 years. The durability of a metal cladding can also be affected by the workmanship related defects during the installation proc ess such as scratching the coating. Since metal cladding began to be used in a range wider than simply industrial buildings, then architectural features for aesthetical value such as curved eaves and corners as well as horizontal profiles have been developed. Texture and colours are mixed to form a more interesting cladding rather than a plain metal cladding but the incorporation of architectural features requires huge care over specifications as well as installations. The most used cladding system for architectural purposes are profiled cladding and composite panels which were often laid horizontally and fixed to vertical sub-frames of the building itself. A curved profile panels are produces from flat profiled sheets, either by creating a series of cross ribs that were then adjusted onto the metal locally. The other method in producing curved profile panels involves stretching the profile to provide a smooth curve without cross ribs like the earlier method but this method is more restricted in the range of curves and radii available to be used. For this curved profiled panels, a more careful setting out is needed compared than the flat profiles but it has the advantage in being stiffer than the flat ones. From this, it is obvious that a curved profiled panels and composite profiled panels are more durable yet stronger compared to flat profiled panels. Besides, this can be used as an advantage for architectural purposes which the world often look for nowadays. Precast Concrete Cladding Precast concrete has now become the architectural cladding material of choice because it has the advantage in terms of aesthetics, durability, low maintenance surface, applied finishes, as well as construction economy. This system often combines the benefits of low maintenance, high durability, excellent fire resistant and even energy efficiency. This combination makes precast concrete cladding an ideal solution for the emphasis of prestige, luxury and aesthetic appeal, especially for high rise offices and residential towers or for economy and durability priority such as in lower rise offices and commercial structures. Brick, marble, tile and granite are of typical finishes used for precast concrete cladding but any other decorative stone can also be applied for more variations. This type of cladding system is one of the most cost effective because it is naturally coloured. The main advantage of precast concrete cladding are in terms of installation, where the installation for this cladding system is swift and rapid; the sized of the panels which are typically sized so that they can span grid to grid, allowing a large area of the applied building to be weathered as quickly as possible. Besides, there are no scaffolding required in the installation of this precast concrete system as all fixings are accessed from the rear end of the panels. Sometimes, for construction that needed to use glazing units and insulation, they can easily be fitted to the precast unit in the factory that made the precast unit itself, thus decreasing the time needed for the work. But, in order to make precast concrete cladding system more cost effective, it is important that panel sizes to be maximized and a degree of repetition exists which these will ensure a number of panels can be casted from a single mould. Two types of sub surface drainage system for domestic usage In building a good drainage system, there are few principles that need to be followed. Some of them are: Material should have adequate strength and durability. Every part of a drain should be accessible for the purpose of inspection and cleansing. Drains should be in straight run as far as possible. Drains must be laid to a gradient which will render them efficient. The fall or gradient should be calculated according to the rate of flow, velocity required, and the diameter of the drain. Every drain inlet should be trapped to prevent the entry of foul air into the building which the minimum seal required is 50mm. For domestic usage, there are three types of subsurface drainage system which are combined system, separate system and partially separate system. The scheme or plan layout of drains will depend upon factors such as number of discharge points, relative position of discharge point, and drainage system of the Local Authority sewers. Combined System In a combined system, all the drains are discharged into a common or combined sewer. It is the most simple and economic method since there is no duplication of drains. This system has the advantage in terms of easy maintenance. Besides, all drains are flushed when it rains and it is impossible for this system to be connected to the wrong sewer. But this system also has its disadvantage, which is that all the discharges should pass through the sewage treatment installation, which might be costly and prove to be difficult with periods of heavy rain. Separate system A separate system in domestic subsoil drainage is the most common method applied by the Local Authorities where two sewers are used in this method. One of the sewers receives the surface water discharged and conveys them direct to a suitable outfall such as a river or sea, where the discharges require no treatment while the second sewer receives all the soil or foul discharges such as from baths, basins, sinks, showers as well as toilets. These discharges will then being conveyed to the sewage treatment installations. In this system, more drains are required and it is often necessary to cross drains one over another. There is a risk of connecting the drain to a wrong sewer and the soil drains are not flushed during heavy rain, but the savings on the treatment of a smaller volume of discharge leads to an overall economy which is acceptable to be applied in domestic area. The function of road and pavement A road is an identifiable route, way or path between two places which might or might not be available for the use by public. Public roads, especially those major roads that connect two destinations are defined as highways. A modern road normally smoothed and paved to allow easy travel of road users. While pavement is defined as surfaces intended for traffic and soil, which are protected by an overlay of imported or treated material with the objective to limit the stress in the ground. The surface of road as well as its associated construction is known as pavement. One of the main functions of roads and pavements is to transfer and distribute transportation load onto the ground. Even on the ground soil itself we can use to travel, but the loads of the transportations that use the path is not evenly distributed since the soil is not compacted and supported. With roads and pavements, the loads of the transportations were equally distributed and this provides a safe and comfy journey. The second function of road and pavement is to provide a flat surface. This is to achieve a comfortable, smooth and safe journey. A smooth riding surface is important for riding comfort and throughout the road development; this has become the measure of how road users see of a road. A rough surfaced road can be caused from few factors; one of it is caused from pavement distress due to structural deformation. Besides, the other major factor of road and pavement is to prevent the subgrade from being damaged. Subgrade is the supporting soil underneath the pavement. It is important to protect the subgrade as it is the foundation for the road and pavement. Like building, if the foundation is damaged, the whole pavement is damaged as well. If the subgrade is over-stressed, it will deform and lose its ability to properly support the loads above it. So, the pavement should have sufficient structural capacity in terms of strength and thickness, to adequately reduce the stress so that the loads and stress do not exceed the strength and capacity of the subgrade. The thickness and strength can vary depending on the combination of subgrade types as well as loading condition. Roads and pavements are also used to provide adequate surface friction or in other words, roads and pavements are to provide a skid resistance surface. The priority in road user requirement is that of safety. Every road user concerns about their safety when using roads. Safety, especially in wet conditions such as during heavy rains, can be linked to a loss of surface friction between the tyre and the pavement surface due to the existence of water surface on the road itself. So it is obvious that roads and pavements should be able to provide an adequate skid resistance for road users, in any weather conditions. The last function of roads and pavements is to provide a waterproof layer. The outer surface of a pavement acts as a waterproof surface which prevents the subgrade that supports the pavement from becoming saturated because of water absorption. When they become saturated, the soil loses its ability to support the applied loads, let alone overload, and this will lead to a premature failure of the pavement itself. So, the outer layer should not contain even a tiny pore, in order to prevent water from being absorbed underneath. Cellular concrete roofing units, pavement overlays, bridge decks airport runways, pressure vessels, blast-resistant structures, tunnel linings and ship-hull construction are some applications of a particular fiber reinforcement concrete. The types of the fibers with characteristics comparison with the conventional concrete. Fiber reinforced concrete can be defined as a composite material which consists of a mixture of cement, mortar or concrete and discontinuous and uniformly dispersed suitable fibers. The addition of this fiber would act as crack arrester as well as improving its static and dynamic properties. Fiber reinforced concrete is used as it has the advantages of static and dynamic tensile strength, energy absorbing characteristics and an improvised fatigue strength. The main factor that affects its properties is the relative fiber matrix stiffness where the modulus of elasticity of matrix helped in stress transfer efficiently. A good bond is important to improve the tensile strength of the material. There are many applications with different types of fibers and these were affected by the characteristics of the certain fiber containing in the concrete: Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFPC) Glass fiber reinforced concretes are mainly used in exterior building panels or as an architectural precast concrete. One of the advantages of GFPC is that they are lightweight. Despite their light weight, a GFPC panel is strong and is more environmental friendly as they were mostly made of recycled post-consumer glass. Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) Steel fiber reinforced concrete is a composite material made of hydraulic cements, water, fine and coarse aggregate and a dispersion of small, discontinuous steel fibers. The steel fibers are distributed uniformly throughout the concrete matrix which gives the SFRC the ability to control temperature and shrinkage cracks. They were commonly used in cellular concrete roofing unit. Polypropylene Fiber reinforced Concrete (PFRC) Polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete has the ability to improve freeze-thaw resistance, improve resistance to explosive in case of severe fire, and improves impact resistance. It is often used in foundation piles, pre-stressed piles and facing panels. Asbestos Fiber Reinforced Concrete (AFRC) Asbestos fiber reinforced concrete has been used since early 1900s which were applied into concrete. Unfortunately, this composite became a concern as it is venomous to health but AFRC were still used in some applications which is outside of health zone such as in pipes and sewer pipes. Mica Flakes Fiber Reinforced Concrete (MFRC) This type of fiber reinforced concrete partially replaces asbestos applications in cement boards, concrete pipes and repair materials. Mica flakes as fibers can help preventing long-term decreases in terms of tensile strength as well as impact strength. Carbon Fiber Reinforced Concrete (CFRC) Carbon fiber reinforced concrete is an electric conductor concrete and by this, they are normally used in locations where electrical contacts are necessary. Besides, it has the characteristic of corrosion resistance, compared to other metallic electrical contact materials. Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) Conventional Reinforced Concrete Higher durability Lower durability Protect steel from corrosion Steel prone to corrosion Lighter (in terms of materials) Heavier (in terms of materials) More expensive Economical Greater strength (per 1mÂÂ ³) Weaker (per 1mÂÂ ³) Higher workability Less workability Table: Characteristic comparison between FRC and conventional concrete The above table shows the characteristic comparisons between fiber reinforced concrete and conventional concrete. in terms of durability, FRC is more durable compared to conventional concrete this is because of the presence of fibers in FRC that adds to the durability of the concrete and thus, making it more flexible to be used widely in construction. Besides, the weight of FRC is relatively lighter compared to conventional concrete. Such as for Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete, both the glass and concrete make up the volume and thus decreasing the weight as the fiber contained in the concrete has lower mass compared to a full conventional concrete. This superb characteristic increases the workability of the FRC, beating conventional concrete in terms of weight as well as workability. The workability of a FRC will reduce if the fiber volume is increased. Therefore, the volume of fiber need to be controlled but this is an advantage as the cost for materials will not be that high. the workability of FRC can be measured by conducting a Vebe test. Unfortunately, a fiber reinforced concrete is more expensive as it is needed to be readily made in factories, so does the material costs which need to make up for the materials for fiber. But, from the table, it is obvious that FRC has more advantage over conventional concrete, despite the costs. So, this higher cost for sure will increase the reliability of the material, and the building itself.

The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the book The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the main character, Gatsby is the host of many elaborate parties at his home in West Egg. In the morning the lawn crew would come and pamper the yard, in the evening the cooks would begin to prepare the meals, and as dusk approached, the guests would pile out of their taxis, motor cars, and boats (36). Some invited and some not, all were coming in search of a pleasant evening among people. Fitzgerald’s parties unveiled a fun-loving, lazy side of most people in the 1920’s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fitzgerald wrote in his novel that the guests would begin to arrive all at once, stepping out of their motor cars, adorned in their finest evening formal wear (36). The women of the story attend Gatsby’s parties in their newest gowns. The biggest concern on the minds of the attendants was their own appearance, and the appearance of others. One female guest indicated a total lack of concern over the shape of her dress at the end of the evening, for after the last discrepancy, Gatsby sponsored a new dress for her immediately (39).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In his novel, the apparent scrutinization of modern society is prominent in his descriptive paragraphs, which do not reveal a character’s name. Fitzgerald writes of his guests about the time that they are present at the party, he does not write of their family, or occupational life, leading it to look like their lives were only important due to the party (39). The â€Å"girls in yellow† are a prime example where characterization shadows name and title. The most important thing about the â€Å"girls in yellow† is not where they came from, but what they have to say about Gatsby.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gossiping at a party was Fitzgerald’s way to characterize his modern society as gullible. His own party attendants would have the ill manners to discuss his own background. The hushing circle would marvel over the Kaiser Wilhelm theory, then at the murderer theory (40).

Psychology Essay

Outline and assess the use of experiments in social psychology drawing on the cognitive social perspective and one of the other three perspectives in the module (discursive psychological, phenomenological or social psychoanalytic). This essay will provide a description of the experimental method for both the cognitive social perspective and social psychoanalytic perspective. A compare and contrast will be given for the two perspectives in a critical evaluation as an approach to doing research in social psychology. The cognitive social perspective ontology is that, researchers view the person as a thinker in society. Thought processes are believed to have been shaped by and help create the world in which they live in. This perspective has to offer two approaches in the mainstream, social cognition and social identity. Social cognition views the person to be a cognitive miser thereby, being a social thinker and information processing. As a result forms limited opinions based on categorizing and prejudices. Social identity traditions gives emphasis to the socialised thinker whereby, ones’ cognitions are structured by group memberships located in a particular social system. The cognitive social approach follows a statistical methodology by which, researchers gather their results in the form of quantitative data to analyse. This is an experimental, social psychometric method. Researchers conduct studies in which they collect quantitative data and test theory based hypothesis using standard statistical techniques. The researcher’s primary tool is the laboratory – based experiment not confined to the field, such as, the classroom, work place, the crowd. The various techniques include, survey, questionnaires, case studies, and observational methods. As psychology takes part within the individual, this is the primary unit of analysis. The individual’s psychology is significantly affected by the social context. For example, attention to group memberships, inter group relations, a broader social structure that impinge on the individual. The approach is interactionist, which analyse the individual’s cognitions but, also appreciate the way in which these are structured by the social world they inhibit and helped to create. The social psychoanalytic perspective ontology is that, identity is formed psychically and socially in dynamic and inter-subjective relations with others. Human behaviour and consciousness are partly shaped by unconscious motivations. These unconscious motivations are frequently in conflict with conscious thoughts and intensions. Conflict is provoked by unconscious anxiety which is defended against through unconscious defence mechanisms. These defences play an important part in the construction of the individual, social, institutional, cultural lives. The social psychoanalytic approach follows a qualitative and interpretative methodology with the assumption that to understand social life, we need to understand how language is used and how the meaning is constructed. It also takes from psychoanalysis the notion that people are never consciously aware of what unconsciously motivates them or all the meaning of what they say and do. People are viewed as having unique biographies and identity that are made up of psychic defences that are partly developed from their social context. Many researchers explore the methods that people use to make sense of everyday life. For example, the use of narrative interviews because this allows research subjects to talk at length and freely as possible. Researchers seek to analyse contradictions and conflicts that arise from unconscious desires, anxiety and demands of the outside world. This is taken from applications such as, projection, splitting, and projective identification. The focus of analysis is the interconnections between the internal world of the psyche and ones’ understanding of their responses to the actions and on their external world. Meanings can only be understood in relation to a larger whole and a psychoanalysis is informed by the whole interview plus all other data collected in relation to the case, such as, the researchers field notes. There is no established psychoanalytic method because psychoanalysis is a clinical method and not a research method. Stanley Milgram 1963, (cited in Wendy Hollway, Helen Lucey, and Ann Phoenix) a pioneer in social psychology in the research of obedience to authority. Milgram ran a series of studies under different conditions to determine†¦ Milgram lead his subjects to believe that the studies were investigating the ffects of punishment on learning. The experimental subjects had to administer electric shocks to people whom they were unaware were actually his accomplices. The subjects were ordered to increase the voltage whenever the learner made a mistake. They were completely unaware that the electric shocks were not delivered, and that they were only lead to believe so. The subjects level of obedience were measured against a 30-point incremental scale of intensity of electric shocks delivered. The subjects received an ‘obedient’ status if they managed to deliver shocks throughout the experiment without refusal. However, if the reverse was true and refusal was encountered earlier on in the experiment, a ‘disobeyed’ status was granted. Results showed that even as subjects objected to administering the shocks as they heard pleas of distress, they still carried on after stern and insistent instructions were made. Milgram found that more than 60 per cent continued to administer the shocks at the higher end of the scale. As controversial as this type of research is especially of what is ethically acceptable today, Milgram found that the subjects were not negatively affected. He not only interviewed and debriefed the participants but, also introduced a follow up questionnaire a year later. The questionnaire confirmed Milgram’s assumptions that the participants felt positively toward the experiment (Milgram, 1974, cited in Wendy Hollway, Helen Lucey, and Ann Phoenix). By carrying out this type of research, Milgram has attached scientific authority to the phenomenon, ‘obedience to authority’. His research clearly demonstrates that people will obey authority even when they are aware of the distress and cruelty it may cause. Kurt Danziger, 1985 (cited in Wendy Hollway, Helen Lucey, and Ann Phoenix) agrees to a certain point that statistical methodology is effective in discovering a solution to problem areas. His argument is that statistical methodology is effective but limited. This is given that the context of a specific practical problem requires an unambiguous solution within limited confines. For example, in an experiment to investigate whether the surrounding of an individual interferes with their performance in the completion of a given task. The surrounding environment can be manipulated and the participant’s performance on the task can be recorded. The conclusion of the experiment is limited to the confines of the experiment and does not apply to any given situation outside of that. The experimental approach is useful in instances where it is difficult to find out what the true feelings of a given subject are. Colin Leach, 2005 (cited in Wendy Hollway, Helen Lucey, and Ann Phoenix ) conducted research into this area, in particular on the topic of Schadenfreude: pleasure felt at another’s failure. Schadenfreude is not openly expressed and can be difficult to detect. In this case, the experiment revealed hidden feelings by exposing causal relations and meaningful patterns among variables. Experiments allow the researcher to develop a model of the proposed processes and to test the implications of theories. This reveals what lies beneath the surface either what one does not wish to admit to, or is unaware of their unconscious thoughts and feelings which motivate their behaviour. The social psychoanalytic approach keeps the person more holistic rather than contextual. Therefore, techniques such as free association allow for the individual to uncover their deepest thoughts without restrictions or confines. For this reason, this type of approach is less intrusive compared with social cognitive approach in finding out what motivates an individual. The analysis of data, thereafter involve breaking down the material into themes and recognising a pattern. Hereby, is a chance to recognise any underlying motivations or unconscious thoughts and fears that is influencing the current behaviour. The social cognitive approach by comparison could be criticised for unethical considerations in their application to uncover the same data being unconscious motivations/thoughts. To conclude, the two approaches show how different perspectives will produce different knowledge due to the difference in which they frame their object of analysis. Experiments are good at revealing thoughts and feelings people do not wish to reveal or are unable to.

Persistence of Memory essays

Persistence of Memory essays William Shakespeare: A Comparison of Works Among the many early modern poets, William Shakespeare stands as one of the most highly celebrated and world-renowned poets during his time. The impact of his poetry has extended across many nationalities and ethnicities influencing many of todays most brilliant writers. The main reason for Shakespeares huge success is his boundless wit with the use of description that allows him to present traditional ideas in fresh new fashions. I plan to compare and contrast Shakespeares Sonnet 18 with Sonnet 130 focusing on his use of nature imagery and word choice to convey his idea of beauty to the minds of the reader using two opposing approaches. In sonnet 18, Shakespeare describes the beauty of a woman very close to him. He does this mainly by the use of nature imagery. Throughout the poem we see Shakespeare use certain elements of nature to compare with his lover. The idea he presents is that no part of nature can do justice to the beauty of her. The elements he uses are ones that the majority of people consider to be very pleasing or enjoyable. Some of these are summers day, darling buds of May, and eternal summer.(***) Other nature elements used such as Rough winds, and death, (****) are elements that have dark or negative connotations. These conflicting images are intertwined together so that they work together to paint an extremely colorful picture in the mind of the reader. He then uses the method of understatement to say that these elements are no comparisons to his lovers beauty. On the other hand, Shakespeare uses a completely different method in the presentation of Sonnet 130. In this sonnet he also uses images of nature to paint pictures in the mind of the reader. However, in this sonnet he portrays these images, and goes o ...

Still Art Essays - French Art, Modern Art, Fauvism, Virtual Reality

Still Art Essays - French Art, Modern Art, Fauvism, Virtual Reality Generally, still life is the drawing and painting of things, for example, natural product, blossoms and family unit objects, which are normally masterminded on a table top. Throughout the hundreds of years craftsmen have picked the subject of still life for an assortment of reasons: to mirror the status of their proprietor, be it modest or haughty; for their typical importance which uncovers a shrouded story or thought; to catch the normal excellence of transient item such as a blossom or organic product; to show the craftsman's talented painting procedure; or as a controlled structure to express the dynamic characteristics of the visual components. The Ancient Egyptians Individuals have been painting accumulations of items for a huge number of years. The Ancient Egyptians painted piles of offerings for the gods, in sanctuaries or tombs. The Egyptians were not inspired by point of view, or in shading. They couldn't have cared less about making things look sensible. They simply needed to unmistakably indicate what each of these articles was. 151447538100 The Greeks and Romans Greek and Roman artists once in a while painted objects as well. These were more sensible than the Egyptians' endeavors. There are lots of mosaics of objects you can see on the floors of manors or in exhibition halls, and wall paintings as well. There is a great deal more exertion in exact shading and shading here than the Egyptians oversaw. 186690076200 16th and 17th Century Genuine still life painting just took off in the 1500s in Northern Europe. Amid the medieval times, workmanship should serve Christianity, representing scenes from the Bible. Exceptionally gifted painters in the 1400s and 1500s, for example, Jan Van Eyck included game arrangements of objects as a major aspect of their Christian scenes. Henri Matisse was one of the considerable bosses of still life in twentieth century workmanship. Craftsmen are typically seen as individuals of their own time who mirror the world they live in. He survived a period of uncommon innovative development that completely reshaped the world in the twentieth century. Matisse likewise saw some of humankind's darkest minutes: two world wars, the holocaust and the dropping of the nuclear bomb to give some examples. Yet in spite of his presentation to this period of instability and change, there is no place in his work that would you be able to discover any insight of challenge, or an ideological position, or even any reference to the earth shattering occasions of his time. His craft is unaware of the issues of the world and he withdraws behind the dividers of his masterful vision to a protected sanctuary where just a feeling of solace and bliss exist. Matisse said that he needed his craft to have the same impact as an agreeable easy chair on a drained specialist and a significant number of the artistic creations he cleared out us appear to be the perspective from that rocker. 13049251905 Matisse was one of the originators of Fauvism and a pioneer of 'Les Fauves', a gathering of craftsmen who appreciated painting pictures with incredibly strong hues. The title 'Les Fauves' which signified 'wild beasts' in French was instituted by the workmanship faultfinder Louis Vauxcelles who was interested by the misrepresented shading in their craft. In any case, the aesthetic foundation of the day was irritated by their artistic creations as they regarded control and limitation in the utilization of shading. 'Les Fauves' trusted that shading had an otherworldly quality which connected straightforwardly to your feelings and they wanted to utilize it at its most noteworthy conceivable pitch. The capacity of shading in their works of art was not to depict their topic, but rather to express the craftsman's emotions about it. Their thoughts freed the utilization of shading for future eras of specialists who at last investigated shading as a dynamic subject in its own privilege. Jean Baptiste Simeon Chardin was one of most prominent bosses of Still Life ever. The artistic creation style of the foundation in his day was Rococo: a grandiose style packed with metaphorical pictures from established mythology whirling with lavish improvement. To Chardin this dramatic methodology diminished craftsmanship to some sort of scholarly discussion piece. It was thoroughly outsider to the world that he built - a basic universe

Ethics Issues in Elderly Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Ethics Issues in Elderly Care - Essay Example A common dilemma is the evaluation of an old person's capability of decision making, both about management of his affairs, or regarding approval to treatment, or contribution in study. Because cognitive capability is not always indistinguishable with competency, meaningful tools have recently been developed in which the stress is on the precise situation to be examined. The changed interactions among the elderly patient and his or her environment may bring about ethical dilemmas in the behavioral patterns as the result of the pressure of sickness and care giving. Dependence due to physical, emotional, or mental disability in the aged infirm person is often provoked by earlier and coexisting dysfunction. This has effect also on the family who may be responsible for his supervision, and also troubled with the old person's care, and there is often an insistent need for strengthening of the social help needed for this condition. Likewise, the weakness of elderly persons may present delicate ethical issues in the determination of their ability to agree to join forces in clinical research in old age. This paper discusses some of these dilemmas in the management of disability and in the practice of clinical research in old people. These units revolve round the psychology of "I", the subjective insight of identity, and the "Me", the objective perception of the person by others. The question of personhood and what constitutes a "person" must also be addressed if infirmity and illness become dominant features of old age. In a debate defining personhood, it was noticed that the theory of psychological continuity and connectedness would be liable to understand the frenzied person as having a different individuality, because this condition is fundamentally one of disengagement. The sign of the loss of personality is often uttered by the relations: "This is not the father/mother that I have always known". In this situation, his dementia causes him almost to lose his unique sovereignty. According to Hughes, conversely, it is important to see the person as one who is "acting and interacting in a cultural historical context in which he is embedded" This vision of the person as a "situated embedded agent" could therefor e involve that even if he suffers from dementia he is not involuntarily detached from his historical ancestry and, until or unless he reaches a vegetative phase of total ignorance of his environment, he should be considered as keeping hold of some measure of self-sufficiency. AUTONOMY Autonomy is a person's capability and chance to make decisions involving his/her own desires. In a self-governing culture, many sovereign people are self-directed, but not all people with autonomy are unavoidably autonomous. A wheelchair bound person for example, can hold the power to order someone to carry out his requirements, and present communication equipment

Week 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Week 7 - Essay Example These attacks are usually meant to coerce authorities into giving into the political, religious, and social goals of the terror groups. Therefore, terming the fight against terrorism as â€Å"war† eludes logic. As a counterterrorism measure the â€Å"combat on terror† has various questionable aspects. The main problem with the approach by the United States is that terrorism is viewed as a factor that can be dealt with through military action. According to Reese & Lewis, in 2003, United States soldiers invaded Iraq on grounds that Saddam Hussein was manufacturing weapons capable of mass destruction and that he was linked to the September 11 attacks (779). The result of the invasion was mass deaths of civilians and the abuse of human rights. Critics of this invasion, according to Reese & Lewis state that the United States was not averting any terror threats; rather, the invasion was an excuse for imperialist activities in Iraq (779). The problem with viewing terrorism as being synonymous with the September 11 attacks is that it distorts the meaning of terrorism to the general American population. According to Pillar, most Americans view terrorism almost entirely in relation to the September 11 attacks (1). The difference with the 9/11 attacks and other terror attacks is that most terrorist activities are not as organized and lethal as the 9/11 attacks. The reason for this difference is that most terror groups have neither such sophisticated weaponry nor such detailed planning. Since 9/11, almost all counterterrorism measures are equated with the fight against the Al-Qaeda, with every terror-related incident being examined for possible links with Al-Qaeda. To date, most of the counterterrorism resources are channeled towards making sure that the Al-Qaeda does not reestablish itself (Pillar 2). The practice to equate terrorism with Al-Qaeda is misinformed considering that there are numerous other terror groups the world over. For example, Pillar writes